4New †The First Blockchain Ecosystem

4New †The First Blockchain Ecosystem In created and standard social orders, squander the board basically suggests the get-together, keeping, treatment and move of waste to render them harmless to human and animals’ life †the nature and condition all in all. It could in like manner be supposed to be the sifted through and productive dumping and redirecting of waste through or into landfills or pathways to ensure that they are disposed of with thought in regards to sufficient general prosperity and natural shield. Real waste administration will achieve the diminishing or total finish of sullying. In Nigeria, overseeing waste exchange has transformed into an imperative concern regardless of a couple of tries by dynamic governments and private relationship toward that way. That is the reason today is a typical sight the nation over to see stores of rotting waste dumps in moderately every anteroom and hole. Private lofts, markets, conductors, roadways, lanes and lacking plots of land have been swung to squander dumps for some nuclear families. No large shock various state that in Nigeria, squander increases in a geometrical development and gathering and move is at an arithmetical development. Why every one of these issues when waste can be reused to create vitality? With this let me present to you an answer. 4NEW is the universes driving eco-obliging, significant, blockchain biological system constrained by waste to control plants. The thought is extremely fundamental, the system of refining waste items into water and natural materials makes power which is unhindered and uninhibitedly open for use or arrangement to the national grid or associated with work mining structures at an on the spot mining farm. Having a unique opportunity to apply this limited lifetime flexibly of capacity to its coin called KWATT with the image KWATT. Each KWATT Coin will have the restriction of 1 kilowatt of intensity for multi-year. Not in the least like various associations, which offer near organizations, 4NEW is amazing as in there will be no charges of vitality costs for mining, while the principle cost to a coin holder is the expense of the coin. Customers will be at opportunity to pick which coins or coins they should put their KWATT Coin power towards to mine. The decisions will contain the best twenty minable coins, which will thus point the significant proportion of hash rate towards mining that coin. Yields will be executed to the record related with your 4NEW Wallet and with the KWATT coin; they will have the ability to stake their tokens on the framework empowering clients of ability to utilize the marked coins to process crypto trades for fiscal measures, for instance, Bitcoins, Bitcoin Cash , Ethereum and Dash among others. Contingent upon the loss to vitality show thought, 4NEW is being paid for squander took care of and the deals of side-effects, for instance, compost, natural materials and clean water, with fire up costs to this framework financed by the mint piece bargain, and the plants overhead sponsored with cash stream made from social occasion of waste and salary from offer of reactions. Exactly when fittingly kept up to run dependably with unimportant vacation for 92% of yearly hours without inconsistency, dependent upon the arrangement of the plant 4NEW can benefit by other pay streams as door costs, Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC), Feed-in Tariffs (FiT), and Renewable Heat Incentives (RHI) using different developments and methods including Combustion, Gasiï ¬ cation, and Anaerobic Digestion.

Effect of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on 7th Grade ESL Students Essay

Impact of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on seventh Grade ESL Students Motivation - Essay Example One of the principle thoughts for understudy inspiration and contribution is the utilization of intuitive innovation. Smith (1997) has set up that utilization of innovation effectsly affects perusing and composing . Further, Mayher (1990) and Littlewood (2001) has likewise communicated that understudies must be given a feeling of direction and a feeling of support in learning. Then again, Childs (2009) has talked about the advantages that Facebook can yields in language picking up attributable to its straightforwardness and intelligent highlights. Along these lines, I intend to utilize Facebook as an instructing apparatus to expand inspiration and interest of my seventh grade understudies. The reason for this Action Research study is to analyze the impacts of utilizing Facebook as an instructing apparatus on the inspiration level of my English class.This study will help me in growing away from of such a system which may assist my understudies with bettering take an interest in Englis h perusing and composing tasks.... All these are away from of little inspiration to peruse and compose English. Then again, (Littlewood, 2001) have expressed that conventional instructing methods can't inspire Hong Kong ESL understudies to have higher interest and inspiration in perusing and composing English. Further, a few examinations demonstrate that in spite of an assortment of instructing strategies including various media have been utilized in Hong Kong to Teach English as a subsequent language, overwhelming training technique is address( (Melanie and Warhurt, 2000). Roman-Perez (2003) have portrayed that consolidation of intelligent innovation reflrcted positive effect over the inspiration level of the understudies for understanding English. Furthermore, I realize that the entirety of my understudies are utilizing Facebook to be in contact with one another. Further, in current Web 2.0 situation, Facebook has top positioning in SNSs (Kazeniac, 2009). Accordingly I expect that utilizing Facebook as an encouragin g device in an imaginative manner can expand inspiration and cooperation level of my ESL understudies. 4. Writing Review: In request to execute my this thought of utilizing Facebook as a showing apparatus, I leave on exploring significant writing from five measurements including inspiration to learn, inspiration to peruse and compose, inspiration to learn English among Hong Kong understudies, innovation and inspiration to peruse and compose, lastly ,utilizing Facebook as an instructing device. 4.1. Inspiration: Motivation is considered as a brief and energizer in all fields of life (Mangal, 2002). It might be characterized as the power that represents the incitement, choice, bearing, and continuation of certain conduct. Literary works on human brain research and on instruction have widely talked about human inspiration and understudy inspiration in subtleties. Additionally, lion's share of the educationists

Asking for Directions

Asking for Directions When I applied to MIT, I had a good idea of what I wanted to do when I grew up. Having been a computer nut since age four, I happily wrote down computer science on the line of my application indicating my intended major. I was reaching for the top what better place to study computing than MIT? And so it went. I got in and my dream of being some eminent CS guy was on its way. Strengthening my plan was the fact that MIT has one of the nations top undergrad business schools, and I could even double major in both computer science and business. What a winning combination! Sounds like the perfect training for the next big Internet startup, right? Thats when I learned about MITs department of civil engineering, home to some interesting and important transportation research. Visions of shaping new developments in the worlds train networks were starting to look pretty appealing. And besides, I wanted to keep computing as a hobby, right? Didnt want to study it to death, else I might start looking at it as a job so out went Course 6 and in went Course 1. I really couldnt think of anything else I wanted to study. Transportation just looked so interesting. And thats not to say it doesnt now. Im just still keeping my mind open. Its kinda weird, I mean sometime during last calendar year, my passion for exploring the far-reaching ends of the computer went dormant, replaced by a new enthusiasm for travel. I had built this support structure, this foundation on which my life ran, of computers and servers and networks and programming, and while the knowledge or expertise didnt vanish, the interest of pursuing it seemed to. I guess its a good thing we dont have to choose a major until the end of the year. :-) (It still doesnt feel like the year is almost half over. It feels like I just got here.) So what have I been doing since my last update? Dheera (fellow Third East resident) and I took the bus to Montreal and Quebec City last weekend, taking advantage of the holiday to cover some extra spots on the map. We saw a lot of stuff took the metro to various parts of Montreal, checked out some markets, saw a lot of history, and crossed the St. Lawrence more than a few times. ;-) Quebec City is (one of?) the last walled city in North America. The place looks very much out of a storybook :-) Its an easy two and a half hours from Montreal by bus or train. Ill leave you with a few pictures (you can see more on Dheeras website) In my transportation seminar, we were asked to identify travel options, routes and fares for the Boston-Washington corridor during a specified date period, select the best option, defend our choices, and estimate how many people per day we thought utilized each mode of transport. The actual work of the assignment was pretty simple, but more interesting was seeing what everyone else came up with. I was the only one who would pick the train. :-( My choice, however, was reasonable the difference in total time between air and rail is only a couple of hours when you consider the hours in advance you have to spend at the airport, the security delays, air traffic control delays, and baggage claim as theres more usable time onboard a train. I can get work done for the entire duration of the trip, and at the very end Im left in the center of the city, right where I want to be. Theres so much waiting and shuffling when you fly. In my writing class, were currently working on an assignment to explore an aspect of modern-day computing and its broader social implications. I chose the subject of college admissions and how the computer is changing the experience for both applicant and college. :-) Well see how that turns out. How are your applications going? The folks in admissions are hard at work reading all your files (for early applicants), but for those electing regular action, youve still got a couple weeks. Good luck!

Alternative Theories to John F. Kennedys Assassination

On Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, John Kennedy hoped to gain support for the upcoming election. Kennedy, who was accompanied by his wife Jaqueline, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and Mrs. Johnson, Senator Ralph Yarborough of Texas, Governor John B. Connally, and Mrs. Connally was riding in an open car in a motorcade driving from Love Field airport to the Dallas Trade Mart (â€Å"Kennedy†). At 12:30 p.m. CST, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was shot (â€Å"Kennedy†). The fearless John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy seemed to know that death would eventually arrive at his doorstep, as it did. Although one shooter, Lee Harvey Oswald, was able to slay the president, questions still remain if he was the one and only shooter. Many unanswered†¦show more content†¦A published account of the intended route of the motorcade, which indicated that the presidents car would pass within shooting range of the book depository, enabled Oswald to strategize his crime. At approximately 2 PM that same day, Oswald was arrested in a movie theater in Oak Cliff, a Dallas suburb (â€Å"Kennedy†). November 24, just two days after the assassination of the president, Oswald was being transferred out of the Dallas police station where he had been interrogated. Oswald was shot and killed on live television by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner with links to local organized crime bosses. Based on his curious recent history and political affiliations, Oswald was a believable assassin in the eyes of the American public, and his death at the hands of Ruby seemed to bring closure to the astonishing case (â€Å"Alternative†). The Warren Commission was later set up to probe the assassination. In its findings, presented on September 24, 1964, the commission concluded that Oswald acted entirely alone, and was not an agent of any broader conspiracy to kill the president. While the Warren Commissions report was deemed credible at the time, and while its conclusions are still acknowledged as the official explanation, the report failed to answer some very perplexing questions about the tragic events of that November day (â€Å"Alternative†). The official account is that from the sixth floor of a book depository, Oswald fired threeShow MoreRelatedJohn F Kennedy s Assassination2993 Words   |  12 Pagesof November 22nd, 1963, John Fitzgerald Kennedy s assassination, America stopped and stood still. This tragic day in American history will never be forgotten. John Fitzgerald Kennedy had high hopes in the United States for different amounts of things. The 35th and youngest president to this day of the United States was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald, other conspiracies say that the CIA, Lyndon B. Johnson or the Mafia could have done it too. John Fitzgerald Biography John F Kennedy was born in BrooklineRead MoreThe John F. Kennedy Assassination and the Moonlanding1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe assassination of John F. Kennedy is one of the most devastating events in our nation’s history. John F. Kennedy, also known as JFK, became America’s 35th president when he was elected in 1960. Soon after being elected, Kennedy made it a goal to land a man on the moon. As promised, in 1969, Apollo 11 did just that. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the astronauts that were sent into orbit and eventually landed on the moon (Dunbar). These two events helped shape our nation’sRead MoreWho Killed JFK? Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Research The assassination of John F. Kennedy is said to be, as from the Warren report, a murder. The Warren report states that a man, Lee Harvey Oswald, fired 3 shots from the 6th floor of the Texas Book State Depository building. One missed the President’s motorcade completely; another hit President Kennedy in the neck, and the last hit him in the head, which was later said after an autopsy, to be the cause of death. The problem with the Warren report is that some eyewitnessesRead MoreThe Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy1719 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. On the day of November 22, 1963 the history of the United States was changed forever. This event was the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and is one of the most interesting topics in American history because there are conspiracy theories surrounding the event despite no actual evidence behind a cover up of the assassination. Looking back on Kennedy’s and Oswald’s (his killer) lives and deaths, the reasons why there was an assassination, and theRead MoreJohn F Kennedy Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of United States, was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. His father, Joseph Kennedy Sr., was a wealthy investor who wanted his sons to be important figures in American politics. Joseph Kennedy Sr. always favored his oldest son, J oseph Jr., to achieve his familys long time ambition to become a President of the United States. However, his eyes turned to John, after Joseph was killed in battle during World War II. John knew he was going toRead MoreWhat Led The United States Into The Vietnam War?1449 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse to the increased threat of North Vietnam, recently elected President John F. Kennedy increased America’s presence in Vietnam without intervening by increasing the number of economic, military, and political advisers â€Å"from 800 in 1961, when [he] took office, to 16,700 in 1963.† However, once Kennedy was assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson was elected and was accused of not doing enough to prevent this â€Å"domino theory† of falling into communism from happening. In August of 1964, an incident occurredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book New Orleans 1971 Words   |  8 Pageswarehouse clerk. Most of Oswald’s time in Dallas can be accounted for in the days leading up to the assassination. At the end of his working day, he rides the bus to the rooming house and spends weekends with his family. There is no hard evidence that he was meeting with any possible co-conspirators. According to the Warren Commission this is an open–and–shut case: Oswald did it. The only realistic alternative is that Oswald had been carefully framed in advance. Oswald had run into plenty of suspiciousRead MoreThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion Into Cuba2257 Words   |  10 PagesThe Bay of Pigs invasion into Cuba can be seen as one of the most important political decisions in the history of the United States. Four months after John F. Kennedy took office as the thirty fifth President of the United States, he was blamed for the failed invasion of the Bay of Pigs. The failure was due to the lack of bad advice he received and then used to put into making his decision to invade. The decisions he made showed that the United States President and his Joint Chiefs were far fromRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Cuban Revolution In 1959 Mark A Turning Point Essay5328 Words   |  22 Pagesignorance, and are shot through with hysteria. I believe that if they are continued they will res ult in more disgrace and more disaster for the image of my country before Cuba, before Latin America, and before the world.†.[footnoteRef:7] [7: J. Hansen, ‘Theory of the Cuban Revolution’, International Socialist Review, Vol XXII, (1961), p. 3.] US-Latin American relations after 1959 Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower: When the Cuban Revolution came to an end, Dwight D. Eisenhower was the President of theRead More My Friend Hamilton -Who I shot Essay6642 Words   |  27 Pagesimpress readers with loaded arguments and impressive dialogue, when he in fact neglected to use reputable evidence in his citations and bibliography to solidify his suppositions. Similar to the aforementioned psycho-historical studies, Roger G. Kennedy’s Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character tended to be somewhat argumentative, reflecting the psycho-analyses of the Schneidmans and Rogow. Kennedy advocated what he called the â€Å"assisted suicide† and â€Å"evil twin argument,† writing

Mutual Funds, Vanguard Paper - 1375 Words

Vanguard Mutual Fund Evaluation FIN/420 1/26/2014 The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group offers an array of mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, brokerage, and asset management. When choosing and comparing mutual funds, there are characteristics that you need to first evaluate. This paper will review five different categories of mutual funds that Vanguard Group offers its investors. Actively Managed Common Stock Fund The Selected Value (ticker VASVX) is an actively managed common stock fund with a 4 star Morningstar rating with a minimum investment of $3,000. This fund does not have a front or rear load fee. The total annual fund operating expenses are 0.41% which means that for every $100 you invest, $.41 goes to paying the†¦show more content†¦The funds asset allocation will become more conservative over time, meaning that the percentage of assets allocated to stocks will decrease while the percentage of assets allocated to bonds and other fixed income investments will increase. This investment is superb for long-term investors like myself. The fund inception occurred on October 27, 2003, and has been managed by Michael Buek since 2014. The fund inception date tells us that the mutual fund has been around for 23 years and the fund manager for one year. This fund has been up for ten years and down for one year which tells us that the new manager may have not been the correct choice. International Fund Developed Markets Index Admiral Share (ticker VTMGX) is a Vanguard International Fund with a 3 star Morningstar rating and a $3,000 minimum balance. This fund does not have a front or rear load fee. The total annual fund operating expenses are 0.06% which means that for every dollar that you invest, $.06 goes to paying the person who sold you the fund. The expense ratio is also low at 0.09%. According to â€Å"Best Vanguard Index Funds 2014 (2009-2015), â€Å"the index fund provides investors low-cost diversified exposure to developed foreign markets. The fund invests in companies located in Europe, Asia, and Australia, which make up 75% of the non-U.S. equity market† (para. 2). There are five primary industries that this fund encompasses.Show MoreRelatedAsset Classes Paper 11043 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: ASSET CLASSES PAPER Asset Classes Paper Stacey Browning University of Phoenix Asset Classes Paper Investment portfolios consist of investment assets and these investment assets are categorized into broader classes known as asset classes (Bodie et al, 2008). Asset classes can be stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities, and money markets (Bodie et al, 2008). Individuals as well as businesses can have investment portfolios. Sometimes investors use different avenuesRead MoreThe Demand And Supply Of Financial Services For Retirement System Of United States1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of the paper is to provide a better understanding of the demand and supply of financial services for retirement system of United States, with a specific focus on the needs of small businesses. 1.2 ACRONYMS DB – Defined Benefits DC – Defined Contribution 2 BRIEF HISTORY OF RETIREMENT PLANS Until the late 19th, the idea was to work until you die or until you can’t work anymore. However, in 1889 a German Chancellor Otto vin Bismarck introduced in Germany the pension plans, not becauseRead More123456787123 Words   |  29 Pageson the 17 largest Investment Banks and the 10 largest Mutual Funds. It tries to quantify the uncertainty and lists the economic mass of every institution from among the two groups and the average economic masses of each group as well. The study was restricted to publically listed Investment Banks and Mutual Funds and the model was not applicable to privately held and boutique banks and also wasn‘t applicable to hedge funds and other private funds which did not report their Net Asset Value Returns.Read MoreThe New Covenant Balanced Income Mutual Fund1884 Words   |  8 Pagesof Mutual Fund NCBIX The purpose of this paper is to analyze the New Covenant Balanced Income Mutual fund. This NCBIX fund involves investing money along with the Presbyterian Church mission. The money would be invested to organize personal or socially responsible goals. This determines how the investors will be used to fund. They can use it to help out for a cause of charity. The mutual fund balances how well is coming with their own stocks in the market. A brief overview of the mutual fund doesRead MoreMutual Fund Performance714 Words   |  3 PagesCase a) US Mutual Fund Performance Maastricht University | | | | School of Business amp; Economics | | | | Place amp; date: | Maastricht, 5th December 2013 | | | | Name, initials: | Mà ¼ller-Wilmes, VEMCroughs, ZWFWang, WCGerdsen, BHARack, MD | | For assessor only | | ID number: | I6076025I6075042I6117368I6075829I6064576 | | 1. Content | | Study: | International Business Economics | | 2. Language structure | | Course code: | EBC | | 3. Language accuracy | | GroupRead MoreInvesting in the Stock Market3576 Words   |  15 PagesInvesting in the Stock Market Matt Gonzales Abstract The purpose of this paper is to inform the average investor of how to make money in the stock market. The stock market should be thought of as a long-term savings vehicle. Investing in the stock market should not be associated with gambling. By investing in high-quality U.S. companies, the investor in a company profits along with the company. As a shareholder, when the company makes money, the investor also does.Read MoreFinancial Analyst1306 Words   |  6 Pagesabove, than it would be position of financial analyst. In the further text I would focus myself on the financial analysis and firms that need financial analyst (also called security and investment analyst), like banks, insurance companies, mutual and pension funds, securities firms. However I tried to be realistic, so I didnt look to much into future. I focused my self on today and possible internships in this field. It is difficult to say how promising it is, because the demand for financial analystsRead MoreFinancial Analysis And Research Of Mutual Fund1832 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial Analysis and Research of Mutual Fund GCEQX The purpose analyses is based on the Green Century Funds. In this mutual fund involves with the environment and has organized with other companies to help the environment. How to support the environment stablility. This will be the reason the investors would use the funds to help society and will be on climate change. The overview of this paper us the GCEQX has a long-term total return, which involves in stocks. The fund uses the environmental, socialRead MoreCapital Asset Pricing Model ( Capm ) And How It Can Be Used By Fund2213 Words   |  9 PagesThis paper looks at The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and how it can be used by fund managers when making investment decisions and the interaction of CAPM when calculating Alpha which enables investors to assess the fund manager’s performance. I will outline the principles of the two measures including any limitations that they present along with my conclusion. Part 1 – CAPM CAPM is considered to be an important device in financial management having been developed by three academics, SharpeRead MoreGlobal Fund Advisor Introduced Webs2016 Words   |  9 Pageshas opened a significant number of empty rooms on the exchange market, which needed to be filled with new ETF products. This is what attracted the financial product designers to create different types of ETFs in the last 21 years. Barclays’ global fund advisor introduced WEBS (world equity benchmark shares) in 1996 as a first ETF to provide American investors with easy access to the forging markets. They created a family of ETFs and each ETF had â€Å"ishares† as a first name and the index it followed

“My brother, my sister, and I” Free Essays

The quite an engaging story, the book describes an event in the author’s life. Yoko, then 13, her 17-year old sister, and 21-year old brother became refugees to post World War II Japan. Hoping for the better life, they escape from North Korea only to find extreme hardship in the new land. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"My brother, my sister, and I† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel does not feature the series of quick actions but is able to transfer real-to-life feelings and emotions of the sibling trio. In quite a charming way it tells how these three young people settled down in their first desolate home, owners of which were nice and kind people. Especially the meaningful were their interactions. However, the terrible fire in the warehouse kills their landlords and puts one of the siblings in a hospital. In addition, their problems are multiplied by a terrible blame of the setting the fire and killing the kind couple. Homeless and hungry they fasten together, spending most time in the hospital room by the bed of their sibling. Yoko, once the product of the middle class family, experienced homelessness, hunger, terrible treatment by her classmates, and at times impossible despair. Her mother has died, her father was a POW, and seeing as her two older siblings had to clean toilets to get scraps for her to survive was beyond desperation, but full of humility. This novel teaches us how important the family ties are, those that despite of, at times, very difficult circumstances in life, help us survive and make better of ourselves. This novel also teaches us, that despite the adversities, there are people who are wiling to help, like an odd Burakumin couple they met under the bridge. This novel is about how people, especially young people, can preserve their dignity despite impossibly difficult circumstance that at time life presents. I impression of what I read was not about the adventure this trio experienced but about the yielding motif, â€Å"White righteous men should suffer?† References: Watkins, Y. K. 1996. My brother, my sister, and I. (add publisher)          How to cite â€Å"My brother, my sister, and I†, Essay examples

Microwaves Essays (1393 words) - Electromagnetic Spectrum, Wireless

Microwaves You might remember the heroic role that newly-invented radar played in the Second World War. People hailed it then as "Our Miracle Ally". But even in its earliest years, as it was helping win the war, radar proved to be more than an expert enemy locator. Radar technicians, doodling away in their idle moments, found that they could focus a radar beam on a marshmallow and toast it. They also popped popcorn with it. Such was the beginning of microwave cooking. The very same energy that warned the British of the German Luftwaffe invasion and that policemen employ to pinch speeding motorists, is what many of us now have in our kitchens. It's the same as what carries long distance phone calls and cablevision. Hitler's army had its own version of radar, using radio waves. But the trouble with radio waves is that their long wavelength requires a large, cumbersome antenna to focus them into a narrow radar beam. The British showed that microwaves, with their short wavelength, could be focussed ina narrow beam with an antenna many times smaller. This enabled them to make more effective use of radar since an antenna could be carried on aircraft, ships and mobile ground stations. This characteristic of microwaves, the efficiency with which they are concentrated in a narrow beam, is one reason why they can be used in cooking. You can produce a high-powered microwave beam in a small oven, but you can't do the same with radio waves, which are simply too long. Microwaves and their Use The idea of cooking with radiation may seem like a fairly new one, but in fact it reaches back thousands of years. Ever since mastering fire, man has cooked with infrared radiation, a close kin of the microwave. Infrared rays are what give you that warm glow when you put your hand near a room radiator or a hotplate or a campfire. Infrared rays, flowing from the sun and striking the atmosphere, make the Earth warm and habitable. In a conventional gas or electric oven, infrared waves pour off the hot elements or burners and are converted to heat when they strike air inside and the food. Microwaves and infrared rays are related in that both are forms of electromagnetic energy. Both consist of electric and magnetic fields that rise and fall like waves on an ocean. Silently, invisibly and at the speed of light, they travel through space and matter. There are many forms of electromagnetic energy (see diagram). Ordinary light from the sun is one, and the only one you can actually see. X-rays are another. Each kind, moving at a separate wavelength, has a unique effect on any matter it touches. When you lie out in the summer sun, for example, it's the infrared rays that bring warmth, but ultraviolet radiation that tans your skin. If the Earth's protective atmosphere weren't there, intense cosmic radiation from space would kill you. So why do microwaves cook faster than infrared rays? Well, suppose you're roasting a chicken in a radar range. What happens is that when you switch on the microwaves, they're absorbed only by water molecules in the chicken. Water is what chemists call a polar molecule. It has a slightly positive charge at one end and a slightly negative charge at the opposite end. This peculiar orientation provides a sort of handle for the microwaves to grab onto. The microwaves agitate the water molecules billions of times a second, and this rapid movement generates heat and cooks the food. Since microwaves agitate only water molecules, they pass through all other molecules and penetrate deep into the chicken. They reach right inside the food. Ordinary ovens, by contrast, fail to have the same penetrating power because their infrared waves agitate all molecules. Most of the infarred radiation is spent heating the air inside the oven, and any remaining rays are absorbed by the outer layer of the chicken. Food cooks in an ordinary oven as the heat from the air and the outer layer of the food slowly seeps down to the inner layers. In short, oven microwaves cook the outside of the chicken at the same time as they cook the